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U.S Government: Political Development and Institutional Change by Calvin C. Jillson-Chapter: 15 Review

Name

Institution

Date

U.S Government: Political Development and Institutional Change By Calvin C. Jillson-Chapter: 15 Review

Introduction

The chapter explores government, domestic policy, and the economy whereby; it examines the role of President, Congress, and Senate in policy development and the organization of the United States’ economy. Moreover, Chapter 15 illustrates the construction of economic infrastructure and the expansion of the welfare state and Macroeconomic regulation. The chapter brings into limelight the perspectives of contemporary financial management and the institutions of economic policymaking (Jillson, 2013). It discusses the domestic social programs and their challenges and fiscal decision making, among other issues related to U.S politics, economy, and institutional change. The paper summarizes and evaluates the perspectives of contemporary economic management, budgetary decision making, and domestic social programs and their challenges. It concludes by summarizing the issues analyzed in the sections and indicating the areas of improvement in the piece of literature.

Body

Summary

Section 1:The Perspectives of Contemporary Economic Management

The piece of the chapter discusses the vitality of regulatory, monetary, and fiscal policies in economic management. It elaborates on the policy tools that Congress and the president ought to apply in executing their responsibilities in managing the economy and the deployment of these tools. The section explains some of the terms used in economics that comprise of surplus and fiscal policy. Besides, this portion of chapter 15 offers a precise explanation of traditional conservatism and its perception concerning the economy. It examines Keynesian economic ideas and their connection with a British economist John Maynard Keynes (Jillson, 2013). The writer adequately explores the concept of supply-side economics in the “the perspectives of contemporary economic management” section. The division brings into limelight the theory of monetarism and the viewpoints of monetarists. It touches on how the members of the Bush administration served as supply-siders concerning tax cuts and Keynesians on issues concerning spending.

Section 2:Fiscal Decision Making: Budgets, Taxes, and Spending

The portion oof chapter: 5 equips the reader with a pool of knowledge regarding the role of the Congress and the president in formulating the yearly budget. It emphasizes how the decisions made by the federal government affect the social, economic, and political aspects of the Americans. The portion exposes the persistent conflicts between Congress and the president on matters relating to revenue collection and its distribution across varied projects (Jillson, 2013). Moreover, this part of chapter 5 offers a tabular representation of budget preparation and the two stages involved in the process. It clarifies how the president analyses the most recent economic projections and data before making fine adjustments on the budget. On the other hand, the portion covers various types of taxes that consist of regressive, progressive, and flat levies. It covers extensively the issues and concepts involved in government spending.

Section 3:Domestic Social Programs and Their Challenges

The section is crucial in understanding the problems that face domestic social programs in the United States. It allows the reader to understand the role of government in the provision of social services to its people. The segment offers detailed information on social services that include social insurance programs, means-tested programs, and social security. Social security is the most important social program run by the federal government, though; it faces devastating challenges. Medicare and Medicaid have a clear discussion in the sub-section of chapter 5. According to the section, Americans incur more health care costs than any other society in the world (Jillson, 2013). The division reveals that the cost of health insurance in the United States is exceptionally high, and some employers decline to pay for their employees’ coverage. In turn, employees cannot afford the costs of health insurance. Based on the section, Medicaid covers the health needs of the poor, hence a means-tested social service program.

Evaluation

Section 1: The Perspectives of Contemporary Economic Management

In chapter 15, the author-Jillson uses the segment to offer a precise articulation of the concepts applied in the management of the economy in the contemporary world. Despite the continuous disputes concerning the policies implemented to manage the economy, the section puts into perspective how the government incorporates the various strategies to create a favorable effect on the economy. In the endeavor to achieve the goal, the division offers an expressive definition of the terms used in economics. For instance, deficit refers to the amount that the government has to borrow to cover shortfalls when it spends more than it gathers in particular year (Jillson, 2013). Even though the section offers a concrete explanation of the concepts, it fails to inform the reader about how the policies affect the lives of the “common” citizens of the United States. Citizens must understand how government policies influence their daily lives.

Section 2: Fiscal Decision Making: Budgets, Taxes, and Spending

The portion offers a consistent description of the processes involved in government budgeting, taxing, and spending. For illustration, it declares that the government sets priorities of its projects based on the revenue and expenditure, and the two must correspond to avoid deficit or surplus. The segment gives a clear depiction of the budgeting process, the role of executive and legislative in the process, and even offers a tabular representation of fiscal decision-making procedure. It is indisputable that this portion of chapter 15 successfully develops the concept of budgetary decision-making. The reader can undoubtedly understand the mandate of Congressional Budget Office (CBO)-to analyze the anticipated contents of the budget; if necessary, it develops a congressional alternative. In the section, the author offers a timeline for certain processes-CBO should submit the president’s budget assessment to House and Senate Budget Committees by February 15, each year.

Section 3: Domestic Social Programs and Their Challenges

Agreeably, Calvin Jill prevailed in this section of Chapter 15 in his discussion of the adversaries facing domestic social programs in the United States. It is unbelievable that most Americans applied for Medicaid, which is meant for the underprivileged in society due to economic recessions such as 2007-2008 financial crises. He captures the attention of the readers when he writes about the employers who resolved to stop paying health insurance for their employees due to the unbearable costs (Jillson, 2013). Subsequently, the workers become entirely incapacitated to pay and obtain health services from their stumbling sources of income. Even though the writer addresses the challenges affecting social programs in the United States, he does not explore the feasible solutions. For demonstration, he argues that traditionally access to health services is limited than in other wealth nations but does not suggest a solution to the limitations. Instead, he advances to reference health care systems in Canada and European countries.

Conclusion

The essay puts into perspective the contribution of summarized and evaluated sections of chapter 15 to the relevance of the book’s title “American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change.” In particular, the essay stresses the theme of Chapter 15, “Government, Economy and Domestic Policy.” The paper narrows down to explore how various concepts in Chapter 15 support the topic. Upon the summarization and evaluation of the ideas, it is undeniable that government policies have substantial effects on the United States’ economy. Subsequently, the economy has a notable influence on the daily lives of the American population. The perspectives of contemporary economy management, Fiscal decision-making, and social programs have an eventual impact on the entire society, either favorable or unfavorable (Jillson, 2013). The author thrives much in the depiction United States situation. However, upon evaluation of the piece of literature, I have pinpointed some areas of improvement

Reference

Jillson, C. (2013). American government: Political development and institutional change. Routledge.